This block performs CVSD audio encoding. Its design and implementation is modeled after the CVSD encoder/decoder specifications defined in the Bluetooth standard. More...
#include <cvsd_encode_sb.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| ~cvsd_encode_sb () | |
| short | min_step () |
| short | max_step () |
| double | step_decay () |
| double | accum_decay () |
| int | K () |
| int | J () |
| short | pos_accum_max () |
| short | neg_accum_max () |
| int | work (int noutput_items, gr_vector_const_void_star &input_items, gr_vector_void_star &output_items) |
| just like gr_block::general_work, only this arranges to call consume_each for you | |
Friends | |
| cvsd_encode_sb_sptr | cvsd_make_encode_sb (short min_step, short max_step, double step_decay, double accum_decay, int K, int J, short pos_accum_max, short neg_accum_max) |
| Constructor parameters to initialize the CVSD encoder. The default values are modeled after the Bluetooth standard and should not be changed except by an advanced user. | |
Detailed Description
This block performs CVSD audio encoding. Its design and implementation is modeled after the CVSD encoder/decoder specifications defined in the Bluetooth standard.
CVSD is a method for encoding speech that seeks to reduce the bandwidth required for digital voice transmission. CVSD takes advantage of strong correlation between samples, quantizing the difference in amplitude between two consecutive samples. This difference requires fewer quantization levels as compared to other methods that quantize the actual amplitude level, reducing the bandwidth. CVSD employs a two level quantizer (one bit) and an adaptive algorithm that allows for continuous step size adjustment.
The coder can represent low amplitude signals with accuracy without sacrificing performance on large amplitude signals, a trade off that occurs in some non-adaptive modulations.
The CVSD encoder effectively provides 8-to-1 compression. More specifically, each incoming audio sample is compared to an internal reference value. If the input is greater or equal to the reference, the encoder outputs a "1" bit. If the input is less than the reference, the encoder outputs a "0" bit. The reference value is then updated accordingly based on the frequency of outputted "1" or "0" bits. By grouping 8 outputs bits together, the encoder essentially produce one output byte for every 8 input audio samples.
This encoder requires that input audio samples are 2-byte short signed integers. The result bandwidth conversion, therefore, is 16 input bytes of raw audio data to 1 output byte of encoded audio data.
The CVSD encoder module must be prefixed by an up-converter to over-sample the audio data prior to encoding. The Bluetooth standard specifically calls for a 1-to-8 interpolating up-converter. While this reduces the overall compression of the codec, this is required so that the encoder can accurately compute the slope between adjacent audio samples and correctly update its internal reference value.
References:
1. Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation (CVSD) A Tutorial, Available: http://www.eetkorea.com/ARTICLES/2003AUG/A/2003AUG29_NTEK_RFD_AN02.PDF.
2. Specification of The Bluetooth System Available: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/Bluetooth/core_10_b.pdf.
3. McGarrity, S., Bluetooth Full Duplex Voice and Data Transmission. 2002. Bluetooth Voice Simulink® Model, Available: http://www.mathworks.com/company/newsletters/digest/nov01/bluetooth.html
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| cvsd_encode_sb::~cvsd_encode_sb | ( | ) |
Member Function Documentation
| double cvsd_encode_sb::accum_decay | ( | ) | [inline] |
| int cvsd_encode_sb::J | ( | ) | [inline] |
| int cvsd_encode_sb::K | ( | ) | [inline] |
| short cvsd_encode_sb::max_step | ( | ) | [inline] |
| short cvsd_encode_sb::min_step | ( | ) | [inline] |
| short cvsd_encode_sb::neg_accum_max | ( | ) | [inline] |
| short cvsd_encode_sb::pos_accum_max | ( | ) | [inline] |
| double cvsd_encode_sb::step_decay | ( | ) | [inline] |
| int cvsd_encode_sb::work | ( | int | noutput_items, |
| gr_vector_const_void_star & | input_items, | ||
| gr_vector_void_star & | output_items | ||
| ) | [virtual] |
just like gr_block::general_work, only this arranges to call consume_each for you
The user must override work to define the signal processing code
Implements gr_sync_block.
Friends And Related Function Documentation
| cvsd_encode_sb_sptr cvsd_make_encode_sb | ( | short | min_step, |
| short | max_step, | ||
| double | step_decay, | ||
| double | accum_decay, | ||
| int | K, | ||
| int | J, | ||
| short | pos_accum_max, | ||
| short | neg_accum_max | ||
| ) | [friend] |
Constructor parameters to initialize the CVSD encoder. The default values are modeled after the Bluetooth standard and should not be changed except by an advanced user.
- Parameters:
-
min_step Minimum step size used to update the internal reference. Default: "10" max_step Maximum step size used to update the internal reference. Default: "1280" step_decay Decay factor applied to step size when there is not a run of J output 1s or 0s. Default: "0.9990234375" (i.e. 1-1/1024) accum_decay Decay factor applied to the internal reference during every interation of the codec. Default: "0.96875" (i.e. 1-1/32) K; Size of shift register; the number of output bits remembered by codec (must be less or equal to 32). Default: "32" J; Number of bits in the shift register that are equal; i.e. the size of a run of 1s, 0s. Default: "4" pos_accum_max Maximum integer value allowed for the internal reference. Default: "32767" (2^15 - 1 or MAXSHORT) neg_accum_max Minimum integer value allowed for the internal reference. Default: "-32767" (-2^15 + 1 or MINSHORT+1)
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
